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yehuidehao：
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DBA常用SQL查询 -
likeblood：
我觉得应该有获得这类数据的meta，如同获得数据库类型的一样
在你的应用中判断所在的应用服务器类型
1. 查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;
2. 查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
3. 查看回滚段名称及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name;
4. 查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile;
5. 查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile;
6. 查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7. 查看数据库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8. 查看数据库的版本
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9. 查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10. 捕捉运行很久的SQL
column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8
select username,sid,opname,
round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,
time_remaining,sql_text
from v$session_longops , v$sql
where time_remaining <> 0
and sql_address = address
and sql_hash_value = hash_value
/
11. 查看数据表的参数信息
SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
last_analyzed
FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position
12. 查看还没提交的事务
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;
13. 查看object为哪些进程所用
select
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr and
s.type = 'USER' and
a.sid = s.sid and
a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
order by s.username, s.osuser
14. 回滚段查看
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15. 耗资源的进程(top session)
select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status
session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p
where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16. 查看锁(lock)情况
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,
o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name
17. 查看等待(wait)情况
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18. 查看sga情况
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19. 查看catched object
SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20. 查看V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
21. 查看object分类数量
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
22. 按用户查看object种类
select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$
23. 有关connection的相关信息
1）查看有哪些用户连接
select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,
0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'
order by s.username, s.osuser
2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
select n.name,
v.value,
n.class,
n.statistic#
from v$statname n,
v$sesstat v
where v.sid = 71 and
v.statistic# = n.statistic#
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
command_type,
sql_text,
sharable_mem,
persistent_mem,
runtime_mem,
sorts,
version_count,
loaded_versions,
open_versions,
users_opening,
executions,
users_executing,
loads,
first_load_time,
invalidations,
parse_calls,
disk_reads,
buffer_gets,
rows_processed,
sysdate start_time,
sysdate finish_time,
'>' || address sql_address,
'N' status
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
24. 查询表空间使用情况
select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"
from (select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes
from dba_data_files f
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
from dba_free_space f
group by tablespace_name) b,
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
ts.name tablespace_name
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
25. 查询表空间的碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
26. 查询有哪些数据库实例在运行
select inst_name from v$active_instances;
27. 监控共享游标的使用
select sql_text,version_count,loads,invalidations,parse_calls,sorts from v$sqlarea
where parsing_user_id>0
and command_type=3
order by sql_text;
===========================================================
#########创建数据库----look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql #############
create database db01
maxlogfiles 10
maxdatafiles 1024
maxinstances 2
logfile
GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M,
undo tablespace UNDO
datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M
default temporary tablespace TEMP
tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M
extent management local uniform. size 128k
character set AL32UTE8
national character set AL16UTF16
set time_zone='America/New_York';
###############数据字典##########
set wrap off
select * from v$dba_users;
grant select on table_name to user/rule;
select * from user_tables;
select * from all_tables;
select * from dba_tables;
revoke dba from user_name;
shutdown immediate
startup nomount
select * from v$instance;
select * from v$sga;
select * from v$tablespace;
alter session set nls_language=american;
alter database mount;
select * from v$database;
alter database open;
desc dictionary
select * from dict;
desc v$fixed_table;
select * from v$fixed_table;
set oracle_sid=foxconn
select * from dba_objects;
set serveroutput on
execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');
#############控制文件###########
select * from v$database;
select * from v$tablespace;
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$log;
select * from v$backup;
/*备份用户表空间*/
alter tablespace users begin backup;
select * from v$archived_log;
select * from v$controlfile;
alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl',
'$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;
cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl
startup pfile='../initSID.ora'
select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;
show parameter control;
select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
select * from v$tempfile;
/*备份控制文件*/
alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';
/*备份控制文件，并将二进制控制文件变为了asc的文本文件*/
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
############### redo log ##############
archive log list;
alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档
alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switch
alter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpoint
alter tablspace users begin backup;
alter tablespace offline;
/*checkpoint同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高，系统恢复所需时间越短*/
show parameter fast;
show parameter log_checkpoint;
/*加入一个日志组*/
alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);
/*加入日志组的一个成员*/
alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;
/*删除日志组:当前日志组不能删；活动的日志组不能删；非归档的日志组不能删*/
alter database drop logfile group 3;
/*删除日志组中的某个成员，但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除*/
alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
/*清除在线日志*/
alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
alter database clear logfile group 3;
/*清除非归档日志*/
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
/*重命名日志文件*/
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo';
show parameter db_create;
alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';
select * from v$log;
select * from v$logfile;
/*数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount;然后再打开数据库.*/
alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;
achive log start;---启动自动归档
alter system archive all;－－手工归档所有日志文件
select * from v$archived_log;
show parameter log_archive;
######分析日志文件logmnr ##############
1)在init.ora中set utl_file_dir参数
2)重新启动oracle
3) create目录文件
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
dbms_logmnr_d.build;
4)加入日志文件add/remove log file
dhms_logmnr.add_logfile
dbms_logmnr.removefile
5) start logmnr
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr
6)分析出来的内容查询v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo
实践：
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
/*对数据表做一些操作，为恢复操作做准备*/
update表set qty=10 where stor_id=6380;
delete表where stor_id=7066;
/***********************************/
utl_file_dir的路径
execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump');
execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile);
execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora');
######### tablespace ##############
select * form. v$tablespace;
select * from v$datafile;
/*表空间和数据文件的对应关系*/
select t1.name,t2.name from v$tablespace t1,v$datafile t2 where t1.ts#=t2.ts#;
alter tablespace users add datafile 'path' size 10M;
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
/*限制用户在某表空间的使用限额*/
alter user user_name quota 10m on tablespace_name;
create tablespace xxx [datafile 'path_name/datafile_name'] [size xxx] [extent management local/dictionary] [default storage(xxx)];
exmple: create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 200M;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management dictionary default storage(initial 100k next 100k pctincrease 10) offline;
/*9i以后，oracle建议使用local管理，而不使用dictionary管理，因为local采用bitmap管理表空间，不会产生系统表空间的自愿争用;*/
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform. size 1m;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local autoallocate;
/*在创建表空间时，设置表空间内的段空间管理模式，这里用的是自动管理*/
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform. size 1m segment space management auto;
alter tablespace userdata mininum extent 10;
alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 20);
/*undo tablespace(不能被用在字典管理模下) */
create undo tablespace undo1 datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 40M extent management local;
show parameter undo;
/*temporary tablespace*/
create temporary tablespace userdata tempfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 10m extent management local;
/*设置数据库缺省的临时表空间*/
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;
/*系统/临时/在线的undo表空间不能被offline*/
alter tablespace tablespace_name offline/online;
alter tablespace tablespace_name read only;
/*重命名用户表空间*/
alter tablespace tablespace_name rename datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
/*重命名系统表空间,但在重命名前必须将数据库shutdown,并重启到mount状态*/
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system01.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system02.dbf';
drop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;---drop tablespce
/*resize tablespace,autoextend datafile space*/
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500M;
/*resize datafile*/
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' resize 50m;
/*给表空间扩展空间*/
alter tablespace userdata add datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' size 10m;
/*将表空间设置成OMF状态*/
alter system set db_create_file_dest='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata';
create tablespace userdata;---use OMF status to create tablespace;
drop tablespace userdata;---user OMF status to drop tablespace;
select * from dba_tablespace/v$tablespace/dba_data_files;
/*将表的某分区移动到另一个表空间*/
alter table table_name move partition partition_name tablespace tablespace_name;
###### ORACLE storage structure and relationships #########
/*手工分配表空间段的分区(extend)大小*/
alter table kong.test12 allocate extent(size 1m datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf');
alter table kong.test12 deallocate unused; ---释放表中没有用到的分区
show parameter db;
alter system set db_8k_cache_size=10m; ---配置8k块的内存空间块参数
select * from dba_extents/dba_segments/data_tablespace;
select * from dba_free_space/dba_data_file/data_tablespace;
/*数据对象所占用的字节数*/
select sum(bytes) from dba_extents where nwer='kong' and segment_name ='table_name';
############ UNDO Data ################
show parameter undo;
alter tablespace users offline normal;
alter tablespace users offline immediate;
recover datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
alter tablespace users online ;
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs1;
/*忽略回滚段的错误提示*/
alter system set undo_suppress_errors=true;
/*在自动管理模式下,不会真正建立rbs1;在手工管理模式则可以建立,且是私有回滚段*/
create rollback segment rbs1 tablespace undotbs;
desc dbms_flashback;
/*在提交了修改的数据后,9i提供了旧数据的回闪操作,将修改前的数据只读给用户看,但这部分数据不会又恢复在表中,而是旧数据的一个映射*/
execute dbms_flashback.enable_at_time('26-JAN-04:12:17:00 pm');
execute dbms_flashback.disable;
/*回滚段的统计信息*/
select end_time,begin_time,undoblks from v$undostat;
/*undo表空间的大小计算公式: UndoSpace=[UR * (UPS * DBS)] + (DBS * 24)
UR :UNDO_RETENTION保留的时间(秒)
UPS :每秒的回滚数据块
DBS:系统EXTENT和FILE SIZE(也就是db_block_size)*/
select * from dba_rollback_segs/v$rollname/v$rollstat/v$undostat/v$session/v$transaction;
show parameter transactions;
show parameter rollback;
/*在手工管理模式下,建立公共的回滚段*/
create public rollback segment prbs1 tablespace undotbs;
alter rollback segment rbs1 online;----在手工管理模式
/*在手工管理模式中,initSID.ora中指定undo_management=manual、rollback_segment=('rbs1','rbs2',...)、
transactions=100、transactions_per_rollback_segment=10
然后shutdown immediate ,startup pfile=....\???.ora */
########## Managing Tables ###########
/*char type maxlen=2000;varchar2 type maxlen=4000 bytes
rowid是18位的64进制字符串(10个bytes 80 bits)
rowid组成: object#(对象号)--32bits,6位
rfile#(相对文件号)--10bits,3位
block#(块号)--22bits,6位
row#(行号)--16bits,3位
64进制: A-Z,a-z,0-9,/,+共64个符号
dbms_rowid包中的函数可以提供对rowid的解释*/
select rowid,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) from table_name;
create table test2
(
id int,
lname varchar2(20) not null,
fname varchar2(20) constraint ck_1 check(fname like 'k%'),
empdate date default sysdate)
) tablespace tablespace_name;
create global temporary table test2 on commit delete/preserve rows as select * from kong.authors;
create table user.table(...) tablespace tablespace_name storage(...) pctfree10 pctused 40;
alter table user.tablename pctfree 20 pctused 50 storage(...);---changing table storage
/*手工分配分区,分配的数据文件必须是表所在表空间内的数据文件*/
alter table user.table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile '...');
/*释放表中没有用到的空间*/
alter table table_name deallocate unused;
alter table table_name deallocate unused keep 8k;
/*将非分区表的表空间搬到新的表空间,在移动表空间后，原表中的索引对象将会不可用，必须重建*/
alter table user.table_name move tablespace new_tablespace_name;
create index index_name on user.table_name(column_name) tablespace users;
alter index index_name rebuild;
drop table table_name [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
alter table user.table_name drop column col_name [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS CHECKPOINT 1000];---drop column
/*给表中不用的列做标记*/
alter table user.table_name set unused column comments CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
/*drop表中不用的做了标记列*/
alter table user.table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;
/*当在drop col是出现异常，使用CONTINUE，防止重删前面的column*/
ALTER TABLE USER.TABLE_NAME DROP COLUMNS CONTINUE CHECKPOINT 1000;
select * from dba_tables/dba_objects;
######## managing indexes ##########
/*create index*/
example:
/*创建一般索引*/
create index index_name on table_name(column_name) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*创建位图索引*/
create bitmap index index_name on table_name(column_name1,column_name2) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*索引中不能用pctused*/
create [bitmap] index index_name on table_name(column_name) tablespace tablespace_name pctfree 20 storage(inital 100k next 100k) ;
/*大数据量的索引最好不要做日志*/
create [bitmap] index index_name table_name(column_name1,column_name2) tablespace_name pctfree 20 storage(inital 100k next 100k) nologging;
/*创建反转索引*/
create index index_name on table_name(column_name) reverse;
/*创建函数索引*/
create index index_name on table_name(function_name(column_name)) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*建表时创建约束条件*/
create table user.table_name(column_name number(7) constraint constraint_name primary key deferrable using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace tablespace_name,column_name2 varchar2(25) constraint constraint_name not null,column_name3 number(7)) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*给创建bitmap index分配的内存空间参数，以加速建索引*/
show parameter create_bit;
/*改变索引的存储参数*/
alter index index_name pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k next 200k);
/*给索引手工分配一个分区*/
alter index index_name allocate extent (size 200k datafile '$ORACLE/oradata/..');
/*释放索引中没用的空间*/
alter index index_name deallocate unused;
/*索引重建*/
alter index index_name rebuild tablespace tablespace_name;
/*普通索引和反转索引的互换*/
alter index index_name rebuild tablespace tablespace_name reverse;
/*重建索引时，不锁表*/
alter index index_name rebuild online;
/*给索引整理碎片*/
alter index index_name COALESCE;
/*分析索引,事实上是更新统计的过程*/
analyze index index_name validate structure;
desc index_state;
drop index index_name;
alter index index_name monitoring usage;-----监视索引是否被用到
alter index index_name nomonitoring usage;----取消监视
/*有关索引信息的视图*/
select * from dba_indexes/dba_ind_columns/dbs_ind_expressions/v$object_usage;
##########数据完整性的管理(Maintaining data integrity) ##########
alter table table_name drop constraint constraint_name;----drop约束
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name primary key(column_name1,column_name2);-----创建主键
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name unique(column_name1,column_name2);---创建唯一约束
/*创建外键约束*/
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name foreign key(column_name1) references table_name(column_name1);
/*不效验老数据，只约束新的数据[enable/disable：约束/不约束新数据;novalidate/validate:不对/对老数据进行验证]*/
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name like 'B%') enable/disable novalidate/validate;
/*修改约束条件，延时验证，commit时验证*/
alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially deferred;
/*修改约束条件，立即验证*/
alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially immediate;
alter session set constraints=deferred/immediate;
/*drop一个有外键的主键表,带cascade constraints参数级联删除*/
drop table table_name cascade constraints;
/*当truncate外键表时，先将外键设为无效，再truncate;*/
truncate table table_name;
/*设约束条件无效*/
alter table table_name disable constraint constraint_name;
alter table table_name enable novalidate constraint constraint_name;
/*将无效约束的数据行放入exception的表中，此表记录了违反数据约束的行的行号；在此之前，要先建exceptions表*/
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name >15) enable validate exceptions into exceptions;
/*运行创建exceptions表的脚本*/
start $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlexcpt.sql;
/*获取约束条件信息的表或视图*/
select * from user_constraints/dba_constraints/dba_cons_columns;
################## managing password security and resources ####################
alter user user_name account unlock/open;----锁定/打开用户;
alter user user_name password expire;---设定口令到期
/*建立口令配置文件,failed_login_attempts口令输多少次后锁，password_lock_times指多少天后口令被自动解锁*/
create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_times 1/1440;
/*创建口令配置文件*/
create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function password_grace_time 5;
/*建立资源配置文件*/
create profile prfile_name limit session_per_user 2 cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;
alter user user_name profile profile_name;
/*设置口令解锁时间*/
alter profile profile_name limit password_lock_time 1/24;
/*password_life_time指口令文件多少时间到期，password_grace_time指在第一次成功登录后到口令到期有多少天时间可改变口令*/
alter profile profile_name limit password_lift_time 2 password_grace_time 3;
/*password_reuse_time指口令在多少天内可被重用,password_reuse_max口令可被重用的最大次数*/
alter profile profile_name limit password_reuse_time 10[password_reuse_max 3];
alter user user_name identified by input_password;-----修改用户口令
drop profile profile_name;
/*建立了profile后，且指定给某个用户，则必须用CASCADE才能删除*/
drop profile profile_name CASCADE;
alter system set resource_limit=true;---启用自愿限制,缺省是false
/*配置资源参数*/
alter profile profile_name limit cpu_per_session 10000 connect_time 60 idle_time 5;
/*资源参数(session级)
cpu_per_session每个session占用cpu的时间单位1/100秒
sessions_per_user允许每个用户的并行session数
connect_time允许连接的时间单位分钟
idle_time连接被空闲多少时间后，被自动断开单位分钟
logical_reads_per_session读块数
private_sga用户能够在SGA中使用的私有的空间数单位bytes
(call级)
cpu_per_call每次(1/100秒)调用cpu的时间
logical_reads_per_call每次调用能够读的块数
*/
alter profile profile_name limit cpu_per_call 1000 logical_reads_per_call 10;
desc dbms_resouce_manager;---资源管理器包
/*获取资源信息的表或视图*/
select * from dba_users/dba_profiles;
###### Managing users ############
show parameter os;
create user testuser1 identified by kxf_001;
grant connect,createtable to testuser1;
alter user testuser1 quota 10m on tablespace_name;
/*创建用户*/
create user user_name identified by password default tablespace tablespace_name temporary tablespace tablespace_name quota 15m on tablespace_name password expire;
/*数据库级设定缺省临时表空间*/
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;
/*制定数据库级的缺省表空间*/
alter database default tablespace tablespace_name;
/*创建os级审核的用户，需知道os_authent_prefix，表示oracle和os口令对应的前缀,'OPS$'为此参数的值，此值可以任意设置*/
create user user_name identified by externally default OPS$tablespace_name tablespace_name temporary tablespace tablespace_name quota 15m on tablespace_name password expire;
/*修改用户使用表空间的限额,回滚表空间和临时表空间不允许授予限额*/
alter user user_name quota 5m on tablespace_name;
/*删除用户或删除级联用户(用户对象下有对象的要用CASCADE，将其下一些对象一起删除)*/
drop user user_name [CASCADE];
/*每个用户在哪些表空间下有些什么限额*/
desc dba_ts_quotas;select * from dba_ts_quotas where username='...';
/*改变用户的缺省表空间*/
alter user user_name default tablespace tablespace_name;
######### Managing Privileges #############
grant create table,create session to user_name;
grant create any table to user_name; revoke create any table from user_name;
/*授予权限语法,public标识所有用户,with admin option允许能将权限授予第三者的权限*/
grant system_privs,[......] to [user/role/public],[....] [with admin option];
select * from v$pwfile_users;
/*当O7_dictionary_accessiblity参数为True时，标识select any table时，包括系统表也能select ,否则，不包含系统表;缺省为false*/
show parameter O7;
/*由于O7_dictionary_accessiblity为静态参数，不能动态改变，故加scope=spfile,下次启动时才生效*/
alter system set O7_dictionary_accessiblity=true scope=spfile;
/*授予对象中的某些字段的权限，如select某表中的某些字段的权限*/
grant [object_privs(column,....)],[...] on object_name to user/role/public,... with grant option;
/*oracle不允许授予select某列的权限,但可以授insert ,update某列的权限*/
grant insert(column_name1,column_name2,...) on table_name to user_name with grant option;
select * from dba_sys_privs/session_privs/dba_tab_privs/user_tab_privs/dba_col_privs/user_col_privs;
/*db/os/none审计被记录在数据库/操作系统/不审计缺省是none*/
show parameter audit_trail;
/*启动对表的select动作*/
audit select on user.table_name by session;
/*by session在每个session中发出command只记录一次，by access则每个command都记录*/
audit [create table][select/update/insert on object by session/access][whenever successful/not successful];
desc dbms_fga;---进一步设计，则可使用dbms_fgs包
/*取消审计*/
noaudit select on user.table_name;
/*查被审计信息*/
select * from all_def_audit_opts/dba_stmt_audit_opts/dba_priv_audit_opts/dba_obj_audit_opts;
/*获取审计记录*/
select * from dba_audit_trail/dba_audit_exists/dba_audit_object/dba_audit_session/dba_audit_statement;
########### Managing Role #################
create role role_name; grant select on table_name to role_name; grant role_name to user_name; set role role_name;
create role role_name;
create role role_name identified by password;
create role role_name identified externally;
set role role_name ; ----激活role
set role role_name identified by password;
alter role role_name not identified;
alter role role_name identified by password;
alter role role_name identified externally;
grant priv_name to role_name [WITH ADMIN OPTION];
grant update(column_name1,col_name2,...) on table_name to role_name;
grant role_name1 to role_name2;
/*建立default role,用户登录时，缺省激活default role*/
alter user user_name default role role_name1,role_name2,...;
alter user user_name default role all;
alter user user_name default role all except role_name1,...;
alter user user_name default role none;
set role role1 [identified by password],role2,....;
set role all;
set role except role1,role2,...;
set role none;
revoke role_name from user_name;
revoke role_name from public;
drop role role_name;
select * from dba_roles/dba_role_privs/role_role_privs/dba_sys_privs/role_sys_privs/role_tab_privs/session_roles;
########### Basic SQL SELECT ################
select col_name as col_alias from table_name ;
select col_name from table_name where col1 like '_o%'; ----'_'匹配单个字符
/*使用字符函数(右边截取,字段中包含某个字符,左边填充某字符到固定位数,右边填充某字符到固定位数)*/
select substr(col1,-3,5),instr(col2,'g'),LPAD(col3,10,'$'),RPAD(col4,10,'%') from table_name;
/*使用数字函数(往右/左几位四舍五入,取整,取余)*/
select round(col1,-2),trunc(col2),mod(col3) from table_name ;
/*使用日期函数(计算两个日期间相差几个星期,两个日期间相隔几个月,在某个月份上加几个月,某个日期的下一个日期,
某日期所在月的最后的日期,对某个日期的月分四舍五入，对某个日期的月份进行取整)*/
select (sysdate-col1)/7 week,months_between(sysdate,col1),add_months(col1,2),next_day(sysdate,'FRIDAY'),last_day(sysdate),
round(sysdate,'MONTH'),trunc(sysdate,'MONTH') from table_name;
/*使用NULL函数(当expr1为空取expr2/当expr1为空取expr2,否则取expr3/当expr1=expr2返回空)*/
select nvl(expr1,expr2),nvl2(expr1,expr2,expr3),nullif(expr1,expr2) from table_name;
select column1,column2,column3, case column2 when '50' then column2*1.1
when '30' then column2*2.1
when '10' then column3/20
else column3
end as ttt
from table_name ; ------使用case函数
select table1.col1,table2.col2 from table1
[CROSS JOIN table2] | -----笛卡儿连接
[NATURAL JOIN table2] | -----用两个表中的同名列连接
[JOIN table2 USING (column_name)] | -----用两个表中的同名列中的某一列或几列连接
[JOIN table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)] |
[LEFT|RIGHT|FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ------相当于(+)=,=(+)连接,全外连接
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)]; ------SQL 1999中的JOIN语法;
example:
select col1,col2 from table1 t1
join table2 t2
on t1.col1=t2.col2 and t1.col3=t2.col1
join table3 t3
on t2.col1=t3.col3;
select * from table_name where col1 < any (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
select * from table_name where col1 < all (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
insert into (select col1,col2,col3 form. table_name where col1> 50 with check option) values (value1,value2,value3);
MERGE INTO table_name table1
USING table_name2 table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
table1.col1=table2.col2,
table1.col2=table2.col3,
...
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES(table2.col1,table2.col2,table2.col3,...); -----合并语句
##################### CREATE/ALTER TABLE #######################
alter table table_name drop column column_name ;---drop column
alter table table_name set unused (col1,col2,...);----设置列无效，这个比较快。
alter table table_name drop unused columns;---删除被设为无效的列
rename table_name1 to table_name2; ---重命名表
comment on table table_name is 'comment message';----给表放入注释信息
create table table_name
(col1 int not null,col2 varchar2(20),col3 varchar2(20),
constraint uk_test2_1 unique(col2,col3))); -----定义表中的约束条件
alter table table_name add constraint pk_test2 primary key(col1,col2,...); ----创建主键
/*建立外键*/
create table table_name (rid int,name varchar2(20),constraint fk_test3 foreign key(rid) references other_table_name(id));
alter table table_name add constraint ck_test3 check(name like 'K%');
alter table table_name drop constraint constraint_name;
alter table table_name drop primary key cascade;----级联删除主键
alter table table_name disable/enable constraint constraint_name;----使约束暂时无效
/*删除列，并级联删除此列下的约束条件*/
alter table table_name drop column column_name cascade constraint;
select * from user_constraints/user_cons_columns;---约束条件相关视图
############## Create Views #####################
CREATE [OR REPLACE] [FORCE|NOFORCE] VIEW view_name [(alias[,alias]...)]
AS subquery
[WITH CHECK OPTION [CONSTRAINT constraint_name]]
[WITH READ ONLY [CONSTRAINT constraint_name]]; ------创建视图的语法
example: Create or replace view testview as select col1,col2,col3 from table_name; ------创建视图
/*使用别名*/
Create or replace view testview as select col1,sum(col2) col2_alias from table_name;
/*创建复杂视图*/
Create view view_name (alias1,alias2,alias3,alias4) as select d.col1,min(e.col1),max(e.col1),avg(e.col1) from table_name1 e,table_name2 d where e.col2=d.col2 group by d.col1;
/*当用update修改数据时，必须满足视图的col1>10的条件，不满足则不能被改变.*/
Create or replace view view_name as select * from table_name where col1>10 with check option;
/*改变视图的值.对于简单视图可以用update语法修改表数据，但复杂视图则不一定能改。如使用了函数，group by ,distinct等的列*/
update view_name set col1=value1;
/*TOP-N分析*/
select [column_list],rownum from (select [column_list] from table_name order by Top-N_column) where rownum<=N;
/*找出某列三条最大值的记录*/
example: select rownum as rank ,col1 ,col2 from (select col1 ,col2 from table_name order by col2 desc) where rownum<=3;
############# Other database Object ###############
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name [INCREMENT BY n]
[START WITH n]
[{MAXVALUE n | NOMAXVALUE}]
[{MINVALUE n | NOMINVALUE}]
[{CYCEL | NOCYCLE}]
[{CACHE n | NOCACHE}]; -----创建SEQUENCE
example:
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name INCREMENT BY 10
START WITH 120
MAXVALUE 9999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE;
select * from user_sequences ;---当前用户下记录sequence的视图
select sequence_name.nextval,sequence_name.currval from dual;-----sequence的引用
alter sequence sequence_name INCREMENT BY 20
MAXVALUE 999999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE; -----修改sequence,不能改变起始序号
drop sequence sequence_name; ----删除sequence
CREATE [PUBLIC] SYNONYM synonym_name FOR object; ------创建同义词
DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM synonym_name;----删除同义词
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK link_name USEING OBJECT;----创建DBLINK
select * from object_name@link_name; ----访问远程数据库中的对象
/*union操作，它将两个集合的交集部分压缩，并对数据排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name union select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*union all操作，两个集合的交集部分不压缩，且不对数据排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name union all select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*intersect操作，求两个集合的交集,它将对重复数据进行压缩，且排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name intersect select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*minus操作，集合减,它将压缩两个集合减后的重复记录,且对数据排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name minus select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*EXTRACT抽取时间函数.此例是抽取当前日期中的年*/
select EXTRACT(YEAR FROM SYSDATE) from dual;
/*EXTRACT抽取时间函数.此例是抽取当前日期中的月*/
select EXTRACT(MONTH FROM SYSDATE) from dual;
##########################增强的group by子句#########################
select [column,] group_function(column)...
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [ROLLUP] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column]; -------ROLLUP操作字，对group by子句的各字段从右到左进行再聚合
example:
/*其结果看起来象对col1做小计*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by rollup(col1,col2);
/*复合rollup表达式*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by rollup((col1,col2));
select [column,] group_function(column)...
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [CUBE] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column]; -------CUBE操作字，除完成ROLLUP的功能外，再对ROLLUP后的结果集从右到左再聚合
example:
/*其结果看起来象对col1做小计后，再对col2做小计，最后算总计*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by cube(col1,col2);
/*复合rollup表达式*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by cube((col1,col2));
/*混合rollup,cube表达式*/
select col1,col2,col3,sum(col4) from table group by col1,rollup(col2),cube(col3);
/*GROUPING(expr)函数，查看select语句种以何字段聚合，其取值为0或1*/
select [column,] group_function(column)...,GROUPING(expr)
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [ROLLUP] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column];
example:
select col1,col2,sum(col3),grouping(col1),grouping(col2) from table group by cube(col1,col2);
/*grouping sets操作，对group by结果集先对col1求和，再对col2求和，最后将其结果集并在一起*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by grouping sets((col1),(col2));
--监控索引是否使用
alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
select * from v$object_usage where index_name = &index_name;
--求数据文件的I/O分布
select df.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;
--求某个隐藏参数的值
col ksppinm format a54
col ksppstvl format a54
select ksppinm, ksppstvl
from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '\_%' escape '\' and pi.ksppinm like '%meer%';
--求系统中较大的latch
select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
from v$latch_children
group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by 2;
--求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长)
select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from (select test.*, rownum as rn
from (select b.recid start_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') start_time,
a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,round(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 and b.first_time > sysdate - 1
order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn < 30
--求回滚段正在处理的事务
select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltext d,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hash_value=d.hash_value order by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;
--求出无效的对象
select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
from dba_objects
where status='INVALID' and wner='&' and object_type in ('PACKAGE','PACKAGE BODY');
/
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
--求process/session的状态
select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;
--求当前session的状态
select sn.name,ms.value
from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value > 0;
--求表的索引信息
select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
where ui.table_name=uic.table_name and ui.index_name=uic.index_name
and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' and uic.column_name='&column_name';
--显示表的外键信息
col search_condition format a54
select table_name,constraint_name
from user_constraints
where constraint_type ='R' and constraint_name in (select constraint_name from user_cons_columns where column_name='&1');
select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ') referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ') parent_tablename,
rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ') referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ') constraint_name
from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
where child.constraint_type = 'R' and child.r_constraint_name = parent.constraint_name and
child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name and parent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and
cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name ='&table_name'
order by child.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;
--显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions)
col table_name format a16
col partition_name format a16
col high_value format a81
select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE from user_tab_partitions where table_name='&table_name'
--使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划
explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for &sql;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
--求某个事务的重做信息(bytes)
select s.name,m.value
from v$mystat m,v$statname s
where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redo size%';
--求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象
select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
from v$bh b,dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.object_id
group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
having count(b.objd) > (select to_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name = 'db_block_buffers');
--求谁阻塞了某个session(10g)
select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
seconds_in_wait, wait_time
from v$session where state in ('WAITING') and wait_class != 'Idle';
--求session的OS进程ID
col program format a54
select p.spid "OS Thread", b.name "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
UNION ALL
select p.spid "OS Thread", s.username "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr and s.username is not null;
--查会话的阻塞
col user_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_username user_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order by o.object_id,xidusn desc ;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','row lock', null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username is not null ;
--求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息
select se.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
from v$session s,v$session_event se
where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid and s.status='ACTIVE' and se.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
select s.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
--求会话等待的file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%' order by event;
select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from (select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%'
) x where x.p1= l.latch#);
--求会话等待的对象
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
select owner,segment_name,segment_type
from dba_extents
where file_id = &file_id and &block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;
--求buffer cache中的块信息
select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname , b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
from v$bh b, dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner = '&1' group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd, b.status ;
--求日志文件的空间使用
select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesiz percentage_full
from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;
--求等待中的对象
select /*+rule */ s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name, o.segment_type,
o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1 = 'file#'
and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid = s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_id and w.p2 < o.block_id + o.blocks
--求当前事务的重做尺寸
select value
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# and v$statname.name = 'redo size';
--唤醒smon去清除临时段
column pid new_value Smon
set termout off
select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p where b.name = 'SMON' and p.addr = b.paddr
/
set termout on
oradebug wakeup &Smon
undefine Smon
--求回退率
select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value from v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;
--求DISK READ较多的SQL
select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
where s.address=st.address and s.hash_value=st.hash_value and s.disk_reads > 300;
--求DISK SORT严重的SQL
select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks > 200;
--求对象的创建代码
column column_name format a36
column sql_text format a99
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','&1') from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX','&1') from dual;
--求表的索引
set linesize 131
select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
where a.index_name=b.index_name and a.table_name='&1';
求索引中行数较多的
select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where num_rows > 10000 and blevel > 0
select table_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where status <> 'VALID'
--求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#
select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID');
--求表空间的未用空间
col mbytes format 9999.9999
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
--求表中定义的触发器
select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness from user_indexes where table_name='&1';
select trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name='&1';
--求未定义索引的表
select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns);
--执行常用的过程
exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
exec show_space2('table_name');
--求free memory
select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b where a.statistic# = b.statistic# group by a.name;
查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，
找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行
就看看能否kill它，等等,查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息:
set linesize 121
SELECT r.name "ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ",l.sid "ORACLE PID",p.spid "SYSTEM PID ",s.username "ORACLE USERNAME"
FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn AND l.type(+) = 'TX' AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BY r.name;
--查看用户的回滚段的信息
select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn = rn.usn
--生成执行计划
explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;
--查看执行计划
select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operation operation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from plan_table
start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by prior id=parent_id and statement_id='a1'
执行计划
1）根据SID，从v$sql中找到相应SQL的HASH_VALUE和ADDRESS ；
SELECT a.sql_text , a.address , a.hash_value
FROM v$sql a , v$session b
where a.hash_value = b.sql_hash_value
and b.sid = &sid ;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:07
2）根据hash_value和address的值，从v$sql_plan中找到真实的执行计划。
set line 200;
col oper format a100;
select lpad(oper,length(oper)+level*2,' ') oper,cost
from (
select object_name||':'||operation||' '||options as oper,cost,id,parent_id
from v$sql_plan
where hash_value = &hash_value
and address = '&address'
)
start with id=0
connect by prior id = parent_id;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:26
这2步，就可以找出实际正在跑的SQL使用的是什么执行计划
set autotrace traceonly statistics
set autotrace traceonly explain
set autotrace traceonly on explain
--查看内存中存的使用
select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback') "Class",
sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "Not Dirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty",
sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total"
from x$bh group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback');
--查看表空间状态
select tablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces;
select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups from user_tables;
--查看系统请求情况
SELECT DECODE (name, 'summed dirty write queue length', value)/
DECODE (name, 'write requests', value) "Write Request Length"
FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( 'summed dirty queue length', 'write requests') and value>0;
--计算data buffer命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42;
SELECT name, (1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 H_RATIO FROM v$buffer_pool_statistics;
--查看内存使用情况
select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_used,
max(b.value)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))-
(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)))*100 avail_pool_pct
from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' and a.name not in ('free memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';
--查看用户使用内存情况
select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem), sum(runtime_mem)
from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;
--查看对象的缓存情况
select OWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT
from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('NOT LOADED','NON-EXISTENT','VIEW','TABLE','SEQUENCE')
and executions>0 and loads>1 and kept='NO' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;
select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;
--查看库缓存命中率
select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100 gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONS from v$librarycache
--查看某些用户的hash
select a.username, count(b.hash_value) total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value)) same_hash,
(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100 u_hash_ratio
from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_id group by a.username;
--查看字典命中率
select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;
--查看undo段的使用情况
SELECT d.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);
--无效的对象
select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status='INVALID';
--求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪
select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);
--求出锁定的对象
select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where lo.object_id=do.object_id;
--求当前session的跟踪文件
SELECT p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid || '.ora' filename
FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2
WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name = 'instance_name'
AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV('SESSIONID') AND p.background is null AND instr(p.program,'CJQ') = 0;
--求对象所在的文件及块号
select segment_name,header_file,header_block
from dba_segments where segment_name like '&1';
--求对象发生事务时回退段及块号
select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
where a.segment_name=b.segment_name and b.segment_id='&1'
--9i的在线重定义表
/*如果在线重定义的表没有主键需要创建主键*/
exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
create table anno2 as select * from announcement
exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
drop table anno2
exec dbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
--常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe)
exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =>'esal',dictionary_location =>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;
死锁问题：1）查找死锁的进程：
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SELECT s.username,l.OBJECT_ID,l.SESSION_ID,s.SERIAL#,l.ORACLE_USERNAME,
l.OS_USER_NAME,l.PROCESS FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT l,V$SESSION S WHERE l.SESSION_ID=S.SID;
2）kill掉这个死锁的进程：
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'; （其中sid=l.session_id）
3）如果还不能解决，
select pro.spid from v$session ses,v$process pro where ses.sid=XX and ses.paddr=pro.addr;
其中sid用死锁的sid替换。
exit
--与权限相关的字典
ALL_COL_PRIVS表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者
ALL_COL_RECD表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS表示对象上的
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;
2. 查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
3. 查看回滚段名称及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name;
4. 查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile;
5. 查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile;
6. 查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7. 查看数据库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8. 查看数据库的版本
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9. 查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10. 捕捉运行很久的SQL
column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8
select username,sid,opname,
round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,
time_remaining,sql_text
from v$session_longops , v$sql
where time_remaining <> 0
and sql_address = address
and sql_hash_value = hash_value
/
11. 查看数据表的参数信息
SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
last_analyzed
FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position
12. 查看还没提交的事务
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;
13. 查看object为哪些进程所用
select
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr and
s.type = 'USER' and
a.sid = s.sid and
a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
order by s.username, s.osuser
14. 回滚段查看
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15. 耗资源的进程(top session)
select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status
session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p
where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16. 查看锁(lock)情况
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,
o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name
17. 查看等待(wait)情况
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18. 查看sga情况
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19. 查看catched object
SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20. 查看V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
21. 查看object分类数量
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
22. 按用户查看object种类
select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$
23. 有关connection的相关信息
1）查看有哪些用户连接
select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,
0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'
order by s.username, s.osuser
2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
select n.name,
v.value,
n.class,
n.statistic#
from v$statname n,
v$sesstat v
where v.sid = 71 and
v.statistic# = n.statistic#
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
command_type,
sql_text,
sharable_mem,
persistent_mem,
runtime_mem,
sorts,
version_count,
loaded_versions,
open_versions,
users_opening,
executions,
users_executing,
loads,
first_load_time,
invalidations,
parse_calls,
disk_reads,
buffer_gets,
rows_processed,
sysdate start_time,
sysdate finish_time,
'>' || address sql_address,
'N' status
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
24. 查询表空间使用情况
select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"
from (select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes
from dba_data_files f
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
from dba_free_space f
group by tablespace_name) b,
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
ts.name tablespace_name
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
25. 查询表空间的碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
26. 查询有哪些数据库实例在运行
select inst_name from v$active_instances;
27. 监控共享游标的使用
select sql_text,version_count,loads,invalidations,parse_calls,sorts from v$sqlarea
where parsing_user_id>0
and command_type=3
order by sql_text;
===========================================================
#########创建数据库----look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql #############
create database db01
maxlogfiles 10
maxdatafiles 1024
maxinstances 2
logfile
GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M,
undo tablespace UNDO
datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M
default temporary tablespace TEMP
tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M
extent management local uniform. size 128k
character set AL32UTE8
national character set AL16UTF16
set time_zone='America/New_York';
###############数据字典##########
set wrap off
select * from v$dba_users;
grant select on table_name to user/rule;
select * from user_tables;
select * from all_tables;
select * from dba_tables;
revoke dba from user_name;
shutdown immediate
startup nomount
select * from v$instance;
select * from v$sga;
select * from v$tablespace;
alter session set nls_language=american;
alter database mount;
select * from v$database;
alter database open;
desc dictionary
select * from dict;
desc v$fixed_table;
select * from v$fixed_table;
set oracle_sid=foxconn
select * from dba_objects;
set serveroutput on
execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');
#############控制文件###########
select * from v$database;
select * from v$tablespace;
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$log;
select * from v$backup;
/*备份用户表空间*/
alter tablespace users begin backup;
select * from v$archived_log;
select * from v$controlfile;
alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl',
'$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;
cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl
startup pfile='../initSID.ora'
select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;
show parameter control;
select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
select * from v$tempfile;
/*备份控制文件*/
alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';
/*备份控制文件，并将二进制控制文件变为了asc的文本文件*/
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
############### redo log ##############
archive log list;
alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档
alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switch
alter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpoint
alter tablspace users begin backup;
alter tablespace offline;
/*checkpoint同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高，系统恢复所需时间越短*/
show parameter fast;
show parameter log_checkpoint;
/*加入一个日志组*/
alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);
/*加入日志组的一个成员*/
alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;
/*删除日志组:当前日志组不能删；活动的日志组不能删；非归档的日志组不能删*/
alter database drop logfile group 3;
/*删除日志组中的某个成员，但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除*/
alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
/*清除在线日志*/
alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
alter database clear logfile group 3;
/*清除非归档日志*/
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
/*重命名日志文件*/
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo';
show parameter db_create;
alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';
select * from v$log;
select * from v$logfile;
/*数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount;然后再打开数据库.*/
alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;
achive log start;---启动自动归档
alter system archive all;－－手工归档所有日志文件
select * from v$archived_log;
show parameter log_archive;
######分析日志文件logmnr ##############
1)在init.ora中set utl_file_dir参数
2)重新启动oracle
3) create目录文件
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
dbms_logmnr_d.build;
4)加入日志文件add/remove log file
dhms_logmnr.add_logfile
dbms_logmnr.removefile
5) start logmnr
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr
6)分析出来的内容查询v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo
实践：
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
/*对数据表做一些操作，为恢复操作做准备*/
update表set qty=10 where stor_id=6380;
delete表where stor_id=7066;
/***********************************/
utl_file_dir的路径
execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump');
execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile);
execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora');
######### tablespace ##############
select * form. v$tablespace;
select * from v$datafile;
/*表空间和数据文件的对应关系*/
select t1.name,t2.name from v$tablespace t1,v$datafile t2 where t1.ts#=t2.ts#;
alter tablespace users add datafile 'path' size 10M;
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
/*限制用户在某表空间的使用限额*/
alter user user_name quota 10m on tablespace_name;
create tablespace xxx [datafile 'path_name/datafile_name'] [size xxx] [extent management local/dictionary] [default storage(xxx)];
exmple: create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 200M;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management dictionary default storage(initial 100k next 100k pctincrease 10) offline;
/*9i以后，oracle建议使用local管理，而不使用dictionary管理，因为local采用bitmap管理表空间，不会产生系统表空间的自愿争用;*/
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform. size 1m;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local autoallocate;
/*在创建表空间时，设置表空间内的段空间管理模式，这里用的是自动管理*/
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform. size 1m segment space management auto;
alter tablespace userdata mininum extent 10;
alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 20);
/*undo tablespace(不能被用在字典管理模下) */
create undo tablespace undo1 datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 40M extent management local;
show parameter undo;
/*temporary tablespace*/
create temporary tablespace userdata tempfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 10m extent management local;
/*设置数据库缺省的临时表空间*/
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;
/*系统/临时/在线的undo表空间不能被offline*/
alter tablespace tablespace_name offline/online;
alter tablespace tablespace_name read only;
/*重命名用户表空间*/
alter tablespace tablespace_name rename datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
/*重命名系统表空间,但在重命名前必须将数据库shutdown,并重启到mount状态*/
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system01.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system02.dbf';
drop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;---drop tablespce
/*resize tablespace,autoextend datafile space*/
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500M;
/*resize datafile*/
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' resize 50m;
/*给表空间扩展空间*/
alter tablespace userdata add datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' size 10m;
/*将表空间设置成OMF状态*/
alter system set db_create_file_dest='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata';
create tablespace userdata;---use OMF status to create tablespace;
drop tablespace userdata;---user OMF status to drop tablespace;
select * from dba_tablespace/v$tablespace/dba_data_files;
/*将表的某分区移动到另一个表空间*/
alter table table_name move partition partition_name tablespace tablespace_name;
###### ORACLE storage structure and relationships #########
/*手工分配表空间段的分区(extend)大小*/
alter table kong.test12 allocate extent(size 1m datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf');
alter table kong.test12 deallocate unused; ---释放表中没有用到的分区
show parameter db;
alter system set db_8k_cache_size=10m; ---配置8k块的内存空间块参数
select * from dba_extents/dba_segments/data_tablespace;
select * from dba_free_space/dba_data_file/data_tablespace;
/*数据对象所占用的字节数*/
select sum(bytes) from dba_extents where nwer='kong' and segment_name ='table_name';
############ UNDO Data ################
show parameter undo;
alter tablespace users offline normal;
alter tablespace users offline immediate;
recover datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
alter tablespace users online ;
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs1;
/*忽略回滚段的错误提示*/
alter system set undo_suppress_errors=true;
/*在自动管理模式下,不会真正建立rbs1;在手工管理模式则可以建立,且是私有回滚段*/
create rollback segment rbs1 tablespace undotbs;
desc dbms_flashback;
/*在提交了修改的数据后,9i提供了旧数据的回闪操作,将修改前的数据只读给用户看,但这部分数据不会又恢复在表中,而是旧数据的一个映射*/
execute dbms_flashback.enable_at_time('26-JAN-04:12:17:00 pm');
execute dbms_flashback.disable;
/*回滚段的统计信息*/
select end_time,begin_time,undoblks from v$undostat;
/*undo表空间的大小计算公式: UndoSpace=[UR * (UPS * DBS)] + (DBS * 24)
UR :UNDO_RETENTION保留的时间(秒)
UPS :每秒的回滚数据块
DBS:系统EXTENT和FILE SIZE(也就是db_block_size)*/
select * from dba_rollback_segs/v$rollname/v$rollstat/v$undostat/v$session/v$transaction;
show parameter transactions;
show parameter rollback;
/*在手工管理模式下,建立公共的回滚段*/
create public rollback segment prbs1 tablespace undotbs;
alter rollback segment rbs1 online;----在手工管理模式
/*在手工管理模式中,initSID.ora中指定undo_management=manual、rollback_segment=('rbs1','rbs2',...)、
transactions=100、transactions_per_rollback_segment=10
然后shutdown immediate ,startup pfile=....\???.ora */
########## Managing Tables ###########
/*char type maxlen=2000;varchar2 type maxlen=4000 bytes
rowid是18位的64进制字符串(10个bytes 80 bits)
rowid组成: object#(对象号)--32bits,6位
rfile#(相对文件号)--10bits,3位
block#(块号)--22bits,6位
row#(行号)--16bits,3位
64进制: A-Z,a-z,0-9,/,+共64个符号
dbms_rowid包中的函数可以提供对rowid的解释*/
select rowid,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) from table_name;
create table test2
(
id int,
lname varchar2(20) not null,
fname varchar2(20) constraint ck_1 check(fname like 'k%'),
empdate date default sysdate)
) tablespace tablespace_name;
create global temporary table test2 on commit delete/preserve rows as select * from kong.authors;
create table user.table(...) tablespace tablespace_name storage(...) pctfree10 pctused 40;
alter table user.tablename pctfree 20 pctused 50 storage(...);---changing table storage
/*手工分配分区,分配的数据文件必须是表所在表空间内的数据文件*/
alter table user.table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile '...');
/*释放表中没有用到的空间*/
alter table table_name deallocate unused;
alter table table_name deallocate unused keep 8k;
/*将非分区表的表空间搬到新的表空间,在移动表空间后，原表中的索引对象将会不可用，必须重建*/
alter table user.table_name move tablespace new_tablespace_name;
create index index_name on user.table_name(column_name) tablespace users;
alter index index_name rebuild;
drop table table_name [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
alter table user.table_name drop column col_name [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS CHECKPOINT 1000];---drop column
/*给表中不用的列做标记*/
alter table user.table_name set unused column comments CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
/*drop表中不用的做了标记列*/
alter table user.table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;
/*当在drop col是出现异常，使用CONTINUE，防止重删前面的column*/
ALTER TABLE USER.TABLE_NAME DROP COLUMNS CONTINUE CHECKPOINT 1000;
select * from dba_tables/dba_objects;
######## managing indexes ##########
/*create index*/
example:
/*创建一般索引*/
create index index_name on table_name(column_name) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*创建位图索引*/
create bitmap index index_name on table_name(column_name1,column_name2) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*索引中不能用pctused*/
create [bitmap] index index_name on table_name(column_name) tablespace tablespace_name pctfree 20 storage(inital 100k next 100k) ;
/*大数据量的索引最好不要做日志*/
create [bitmap] index index_name table_name(column_name1,column_name2) tablespace_name pctfree 20 storage(inital 100k next 100k) nologging;
/*创建反转索引*/
create index index_name on table_name(column_name) reverse;
/*创建函数索引*/
create index index_name on table_name(function_name(column_name)) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*建表时创建约束条件*/
create table user.table_name(column_name number(7) constraint constraint_name primary key deferrable using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace tablespace_name,column_name2 varchar2(25) constraint constraint_name not null,column_name3 number(7)) tablespace tablespace_name;
/*给创建bitmap index分配的内存空间参数，以加速建索引*/
show parameter create_bit;
/*改变索引的存储参数*/
alter index index_name pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k next 200k);
/*给索引手工分配一个分区*/
alter index index_name allocate extent (size 200k datafile '$ORACLE/oradata/..');
/*释放索引中没用的空间*/
alter index index_name deallocate unused;
/*索引重建*/
alter index index_name rebuild tablespace tablespace_name;
/*普通索引和反转索引的互换*/
alter index index_name rebuild tablespace tablespace_name reverse;
/*重建索引时，不锁表*/
alter index index_name rebuild online;
/*给索引整理碎片*/
alter index index_name COALESCE;
/*分析索引,事实上是更新统计的过程*/
analyze index index_name validate structure;
desc index_state;
drop index index_name;
alter index index_name monitoring usage;-----监视索引是否被用到
alter index index_name nomonitoring usage;----取消监视
/*有关索引信息的视图*/
select * from dba_indexes/dba_ind_columns/dbs_ind_expressions/v$object_usage;
##########数据完整性的管理(Maintaining data integrity) ##########
alter table table_name drop constraint constraint_name;----drop约束
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name primary key(column_name1,column_name2);-----创建主键
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name unique(column_name1,column_name2);---创建唯一约束
/*创建外键约束*/
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name foreign key(column_name1) references table_name(column_name1);
/*不效验老数据，只约束新的数据[enable/disable：约束/不约束新数据;novalidate/validate:不对/对老数据进行验证]*/
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name like 'B%') enable/disable novalidate/validate;
/*修改约束条件，延时验证，commit时验证*/
alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially deferred;
/*修改约束条件，立即验证*/
alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially immediate;
alter session set constraints=deferred/immediate;
/*drop一个有外键的主键表,带cascade constraints参数级联删除*/
drop table table_name cascade constraints;
/*当truncate外键表时，先将外键设为无效，再truncate;*/
truncate table table_name;
/*设约束条件无效*/
alter table table_name disable constraint constraint_name;
alter table table_name enable novalidate constraint constraint_name;
/*将无效约束的数据行放入exception的表中，此表记录了违反数据约束的行的行号；在此之前，要先建exceptions表*/
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name >15) enable validate exceptions into exceptions;
/*运行创建exceptions表的脚本*/
start $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlexcpt.sql;
/*获取约束条件信息的表或视图*/
select * from user_constraints/dba_constraints/dba_cons_columns;
################## managing password security and resources ####################
alter user user_name account unlock/open;----锁定/打开用户;
alter user user_name password expire;---设定口令到期
/*建立口令配置文件,failed_login_attempts口令输多少次后锁，password_lock_times指多少天后口令被自动解锁*/
create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_times 1/1440;
/*创建口令配置文件*/
create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function password_grace_time 5;
/*建立资源配置文件*/
create profile prfile_name limit session_per_user 2 cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;
alter user user_name profile profile_name;
/*设置口令解锁时间*/
alter profile profile_name limit password_lock_time 1/24;
/*password_life_time指口令文件多少时间到期，password_grace_time指在第一次成功登录后到口令到期有多少天时间可改变口令*/
alter profile profile_name limit password_lift_time 2 password_grace_time 3;
/*password_reuse_time指口令在多少天内可被重用,password_reuse_max口令可被重用的最大次数*/
alter profile profile_name limit password_reuse_time 10[password_reuse_max 3];
alter user user_name identified by input_password;-----修改用户口令
drop profile profile_name;
/*建立了profile后，且指定给某个用户，则必须用CASCADE才能删除*/
drop profile profile_name CASCADE;
alter system set resource_limit=true;---启用自愿限制,缺省是false
/*配置资源参数*/
alter profile profile_name limit cpu_per_session 10000 connect_time 60 idle_time 5;
/*资源参数(session级)
cpu_per_session每个session占用cpu的时间单位1/100秒
sessions_per_user允许每个用户的并行session数
connect_time允许连接的时间单位分钟
idle_time连接被空闲多少时间后，被自动断开单位分钟
logical_reads_per_session读块数
private_sga用户能够在SGA中使用的私有的空间数单位bytes
(call级)
cpu_per_call每次(1/100秒)调用cpu的时间
logical_reads_per_call每次调用能够读的块数
*/
alter profile profile_name limit cpu_per_call 1000 logical_reads_per_call 10;
desc dbms_resouce_manager;---资源管理器包
/*获取资源信息的表或视图*/
select * from dba_users/dba_profiles;
###### Managing users ############
show parameter os;
create user testuser1 identified by kxf_001;
grant connect,createtable to testuser1;
alter user testuser1 quota 10m on tablespace_name;
/*创建用户*/
create user user_name identified by password default tablespace tablespace_name temporary tablespace tablespace_name quota 15m on tablespace_name password expire;
/*数据库级设定缺省临时表空间*/
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;
/*制定数据库级的缺省表空间*/
alter database default tablespace tablespace_name;
/*创建os级审核的用户，需知道os_authent_prefix，表示oracle和os口令对应的前缀,'OPS$'为此参数的值，此值可以任意设置*/
create user user_name identified by externally default OPS$tablespace_name tablespace_name temporary tablespace tablespace_name quota 15m on tablespace_name password expire;
/*修改用户使用表空间的限额,回滚表空间和临时表空间不允许授予限额*/
alter user user_name quota 5m on tablespace_name;
/*删除用户或删除级联用户(用户对象下有对象的要用CASCADE，将其下一些对象一起删除)*/
drop user user_name [CASCADE];
/*每个用户在哪些表空间下有些什么限额*/
desc dba_ts_quotas;select * from dba_ts_quotas where username='...';
/*改变用户的缺省表空间*/
alter user user_name default tablespace tablespace_name;
######### Managing Privileges #############
grant create table,create session to user_name;
grant create any table to user_name; revoke create any table from user_name;
/*授予权限语法,public标识所有用户,with admin option允许能将权限授予第三者的权限*/
grant system_privs,[......] to [user/role/public],[....] [with admin option];
select * from v$pwfile_users;
/*当O7_dictionary_accessiblity参数为True时，标识select any table时，包括系统表也能select ,否则，不包含系统表;缺省为false*/
show parameter O7;
/*由于O7_dictionary_accessiblity为静态参数，不能动态改变，故加scope=spfile,下次启动时才生效*/
alter system set O7_dictionary_accessiblity=true scope=spfile;
/*授予对象中的某些字段的权限，如select某表中的某些字段的权限*/
grant [object_privs(column,....)],[...] on object_name to user/role/public,... with grant option;
/*oracle不允许授予select某列的权限,但可以授insert ,update某列的权限*/
grant insert(column_name1,column_name2,...) on table_name to user_name with grant option;
select * from dba_sys_privs/session_privs/dba_tab_privs/user_tab_privs/dba_col_privs/user_col_privs;
/*db/os/none审计被记录在数据库/操作系统/不审计缺省是none*/
show parameter audit_trail;
/*启动对表的select动作*/
audit select on user.table_name by session;
/*by session在每个session中发出command只记录一次，by access则每个command都记录*/
audit [create table][select/update/insert on object by session/access][whenever successful/not successful];
desc dbms_fga;---进一步设计，则可使用dbms_fgs包
/*取消审计*/
noaudit select on user.table_name;
/*查被审计信息*/
select * from all_def_audit_opts/dba_stmt_audit_opts/dba_priv_audit_opts/dba_obj_audit_opts;
/*获取审计记录*/
select * from dba_audit_trail/dba_audit_exists/dba_audit_object/dba_audit_session/dba_audit_statement;
########### Managing Role #################
create role role_name; grant select on table_name to role_name; grant role_name to user_name; set role role_name;
create role role_name;
create role role_name identified by password;
create role role_name identified externally;
set role role_name ; ----激活role
set role role_name identified by password;
alter role role_name not identified;
alter role role_name identified by password;
alter role role_name identified externally;
grant priv_name to role_name [WITH ADMIN OPTION];
grant update(column_name1,col_name2,...) on table_name to role_name;
grant role_name1 to role_name2;
/*建立default role,用户登录时，缺省激活default role*/
alter user user_name default role role_name1,role_name2,...;
alter user user_name default role all;
alter user user_name default role all except role_name1,...;
alter user user_name default role none;
set role role1 [identified by password],role2,....;
set role all;
set role except role1,role2,...;
set role none;
revoke role_name from user_name;
revoke role_name from public;
drop role role_name;
select * from dba_roles/dba_role_privs/role_role_privs/dba_sys_privs/role_sys_privs/role_tab_privs/session_roles;
########### Basic SQL SELECT ################
select col_name as col_alias from table_name ;
select col_name from table_name where col1 like '_o%'; ----'_'匹配单个字符
/*使用字符函数(右边截取,字段中包含某个字符,左边填充某字符到固定位数,右边填充某字符到固定位数)*/
select substr(col1,-3,5),instr(col2,'g'),LPAD(col3,10,'$'),RPAD(col4,10,'%') from table_name;
/*使用数字函数(往右/左几位四舍五入,取整,取余)*/
select round(col1,-2),trunc(col2),mod(col3) from table_name ;
/*使用日期函数(计算两个日期间相差几个星期,两个日期间相隔几个月,在某个月份上加几个月,某个日期的下一个日期,
某日期所在月的最后的日期,对某个日期的月分四舍五入，对某个日期的月份进行取整)*/
select (sysdate-col1)/7 week,months_between(sysdate,col1),add_months(col1,2),next_day(sysdate,'FRIDAY'),last_day(sysdate),
round(sysdate,'MONTH'),trunc(sysdate,'MONTH') from table_name;
/*使用NULL函数(当expr1为空取expr2/当expr1为空取expr2,否则取expr3/当expr1=expr2返回空)*/
select nvl(expr1,expr2),nvl2(expr1,expr2,expr3),nullif(expr1,expr2) from table_name;
select column1,column2,column3, case column2 when '50' then column2*1.1
when '30' then column2*2.1
when '10' then column3/20
else column3
end as ttt
from table_name ; ------使用case函数
select table1.col1,table2.col2 from table1
[CROSS JOIN table2] | -----笛卡儿连接
[NATURAL JOIN table2] | -----用两个表中的同名列连接
[JOIN table2 USING (column_name)] | -----用两个表中的同名列中的某一列或几列连接
[JOIN table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)] |
[LEFT|RIGHT|FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ------相当于(+)=,=(+)连接,全外连接
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)]; ------SQL 1999中的JOIN语法;
example:
select col1,col2 from table1 t1
join table2 t2
on t1.col1=t2.col2 and t1.col3=t2.col1
join table3 t3
on t2.col1=t3.col3;
select * from table_name where col1 < any (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
select * from table_name where col1 < all (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
insert into (select col1,col2,col3 form. table_name where col1> 50 with check option) values (value1,value2,value3);
MERGE INTO table_name table1
USING table_name2 table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
table1.col1=table2.col2,
table1.col2=table2.col3,
...
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES(table2.col1,table2.col2,table2.col3,...); -----合并语句
##################### CREATE/ALTER TABLE #######################
alter table table_name drop column column_name ;---drop column
alter table table_name set unused (col1,col2,...);----设置列无效，这个比较快。
alter table table_name drop unused columns;---删除被设为无效的列
rename table_name1 to table_name2; ---重命名表
comment on table table_name is 'comment message';----给表放入注释信息
create table table_name
(col1 int not null,col2 varchar2(20),col3 varchar2(20),
constraint uk_test2_1 unique(col2,col3))); -----定义表中的约束条件
alter table table_name add constraint pk_test2 primary key(col1,col2,...); ----创建主键
/*建立外键*/
create table table_name (rid int,name varchar2(20),constraint fk_test3 foreign key(rid) references other_table_name(id));
alter table table_name add constraint ck_test3 check(name like 'K%');
alter table table_name drop constraint constraint_name;
alter table table_name drop primary key cascade;----级联删除主键
alter table table_name disable/enable constraint constraint_name;----使约束暂时无效
/*删除列，并级联删除此列下的约束条件*/
alter table table_name drop column column_name cascade constraint;
select * from user_constraints/user_cons_columns;---约束条件相关视图
############## Create Views #####################
CREATE [OR REPLACE] [FORCE|NOFORCE] VIEW view_name [(alias[,alias]...)]
AS subquery
[WITH CHECK OPTION [CONSTRAINT constraint_name]]
[WITH READ ONLY [CONSTRAINT constraint_name]]; ------创建视图的语法
example: Create or replace view testview as select col1,col2,col3 from table_name; ------创建视图
/*使用别名*/
Create or replace view testview as select col1,sum(col2) col2_alias from table_name;
/*创建复杂视图*/
Create view view_name (alias1,alias2,alias3,alias4) as select d.col1,min(e.col1),max(e.col1),avg(e.col1) from table_name1 e,table_name2 d where e.col2=d.col2 group by d.col1;
/*当用update修改数据时，必须满足视图的col1>10的条件，不满足则不能被改变.*/
Create or replace view view_name as select * from table_name where col1>10 with check option;
/*改变视图的值.对于简单视图可以用update语法修改表数据，但复杂视图则不一定能改。如使用了函数，group by ,distinct等的列*/
update view_name set col1=value1;
/*TOP-N分析*/
select [column_list],rownum from (select [column_list] from table_name order by Top-N_column) where rownum<=N;
/*找出某列三条最大值的记录*/
example: select rownum as rank ,col1 ,col2 from (select col1 ,col2 from table_name order by col2 desc) where rownum<=3;
############# Other database Object ###############
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name [INCREMENT BY n]
[START WITH n]
[{MAXVALUE n | NOMAXVALUE}]
[{MINVALUE n | NOMINVALUE}]
[{CYCEL | NOCYCLE}]
[{CACHE n | NOCACHE}]; -----创建SEQUENCE
example:
CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name INCREMENT BY 10
START WITH 120
MAXVALUE 9999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE;
select * from user_sequences ;---当前用户下记录sequence的视图
select sequence_name.nextval,sequence_name.currval from dual;-----sequence的引用
alter sequence sequence_name INCREMENT BY 20
MAXVALUE 999999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE; -----修改sequence,不能改变起始序号
drop sequence sequence_name; ----删除sequence
CREATE [PUBLIC] SYNONYM synonym_name FOR object; ------创建同义词
DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM synonym_name;----删除同义词
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK link_name USEING OBJECT;----创建DBLINK
select * from object_name@link_name; ----访问远程数据库中的对象
/*union操作，它将两个集合的交集部分压缩，并对数据排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name union select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*union all操作，两个集合的交集部分不压缩，且不对数据排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name union all select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*intersect操作，求两个集合的交集,它将对重复数据进行压缩，且排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name intersect select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*minus操作，集合减,它将压缩两个集合减后的重复记录,且对数据排序*/
select col1,col2,col3 from table1_name minus select col1,col2,col3 from table2_name;
/*EXTRACT抽取时间函数.此例是抽取当前日期中的年*/
select EXTRACT(YEAR FROM SYSDATE) from dual;
/*EXTRACT抽取时间函数.此例是抽取当前日期中的月*/
select EXTRACT(MONTH FROM SYSDATE) from dual;
##########################增强的group by子句#########################
select [column,] group_function(column)...
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [ROLLUP] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column]; -------ROLLUP操作字，对group by子句的各字段从右到左进行再聚合
example:
/*其结果看起来象对col1做小计*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by rollup(col1,col2);
/*复合rollup表达式*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by rollup((col1,col2));
select [column,] group_function(column)...
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [CUBE] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column]; -------CUBE操作字，除完成ROLLUP的功能外，再对ROLLUP后的结果集从右到左再聚合
example:
/*其结果看起来象对col1做小计后，再对col2做小计，最后算总计*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by cube(col1,col2);
/*复合rollup表达式*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by cube((col1,col2));
/*混合rollup,cube表达式*/
select col1,col2,col3,sum(col4) from table group by col1,rollup(col2),cube(col3);
/*GROUPING(expr)函数，查看select语句种以何字段聚合，其取值为0或1*/
select [column,] group_function(column)...,GROUPING(expr)
from table
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY [ROLLUP] group_by_expression]
[HAVING having_expression];
[ORDER BY column];
example:
select col1,col2,sum(col3),grouping(col1),grouping(col2) from table group by cube(col1,col2);
/*grouping sets操作，对group by结果集先对col1求和，再对col2求和，最后将其结果集并在一起*/
select col1,col2,sum(col3) from table group by grouping sets((col1),(col2));
--监控索引是否使用
alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
select * from v$object_usage where index_name = &index_name;
--求数据文件的I/O分布
select df.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;
--求某个隐藏参数的值
col ksppinm format a54
col ksppstvl format a54
select ksppinm, ksppstvl
from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '\_%' escape '\' and pi.ksppinm like '%meer%';
--求系统中较大的latch
select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
from v$latch_children
group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by 2;
--求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长)
select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from (select test.*, rownum as rn
from (select b.recid start_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') start_time,
a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,round(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 and b.first_time > sysdate - 1
order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn < 30
--求回滚段正在处理的事务
select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltext d,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hash_value=d.hash_value order by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;
--求出无效的对象
select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
from dba_objects
where status='INVALID' and wner='&' and object_type in ('PACKAGE','PACKAGE BODY');
/
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
--求process/session的状态
select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;
--求当前session的状态
select sn.name,ms.value
from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value > 0;
--求表的索引信息
select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
where ui.table_name=uic.table_name and ui.index_name=uic.index_name
and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' and uic.column_name='&column_name';
--显示表的外键信息
col search_condition format a54
select table_name,constraint_name
from user_constraints
where constraint_type ='R' and constraint_name in (select constraint_name from user_cons_columns where column_name='&1');
select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ') referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ') parent_tablename,
rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ') referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ') constraint_name
from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
where child.constraint_type = 'R' and child.r_constraint_name = parent.constraint_name and
child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name and parent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and
cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name ='&table_name'
order by child.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;
--显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions)
col table_name format a16
col partition_name format a16
col high_value format a81
select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE from user_tab_partitions where table_name='&table_name'
--使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划
explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for &sql;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
--求某个事务的重做信息(bytes)
select s.name,m.value
from v$mystat m,v$statname s
where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redo size%';
--求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象
select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
from v$bh b,dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.object_id
group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
having count(b.objd) > (select to_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name = 'db_block_buffers');
--求谁阻塞了某个session(10g)
select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
seconds_in_wait, wait_time
from v$session where state in ('WAITING') and wait_class != 'Idle';
--求session的OS进程ID
col program format a54
select p.spid "OS Thread", b.name "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
UNION ALL
select p.spid "OS Thread", s.username "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr and s.username is not null;
--查会话的阻塞
col user_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_username user_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order by o.object_id,xidusn desc ;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','row lock', null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username is not null ;
--求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息
select se.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
from v$session s,v$session_event se
where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid and s.status='ACTIVE' and se.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
select s.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
--求会话等待的file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%' order by event;
select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from (select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%'
) x where x.p1= l.latch#);
--求会话等待的对象
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
select owner,segment_name,segment_type
from dba_extents
where file_id = &file_id and &block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;
--求buffer cache中的块信息
select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname , b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
from v$bh b, dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner = '&1' group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd, b.status ;
--求日志文件的空间使用
select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesiz percentage_full
from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;
--求等待中的对象
select /*+rule */ s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name, o.segment_type,
o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1 = 'file#'
and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid = s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_id and w.p2 < o.block_id + o.blocks
--求当前事务的重做尺寸
select value
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# and v$statname.name = 'redo size';
--唤醒smon去清除临时段
column pid new_value Smon
set termout off
select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p where b.name = 'SMON' and p.addr = b.paddr
/
set termout on
oradebug wakeup &Smon
undefine Smon
--求回退率
select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value from v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;
--求DISK READ较多的SQL
select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
where s.address=st.address and s.hash_value=st.hash_value and s.disk_reads > 300;
--求DISK SORT严重的SQL
select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks > 200;
--求对象的创建代码
column column_name format a36
column sql_text format a99
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','&1') from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX','&1') from dual;
--求表的索引
set linesize 131
select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
where a.index_name=b.index_name and a.table_name='&1';
求索引中行数较多的
select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where num_rows > 10000 and blevel > 0
select table_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where status <> 'VALID'
--求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#
select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID');
--求表空间的未用空间
col mbytes format 9999.9999
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
--求表中定义的触发器
select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness from user_indexes where table_name='&1';
select trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name='&1';
--求未定义索引的表
select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns);
--执行常用的过程
exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
exec show_space2('table_name');
--求free memory
select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b where a.statistic# = b.statistic# group by a.name;
查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，
找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行
就看看能否kill它，等等,查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息:
set linesize 121
SELECT r.name "ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ",l.sid "ORACLE PID",p.spid "SYSTEM PID ",s.username "ORACLE USERNAME"
FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn AND l.type(+) = 'TX' AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BY r.name;
--查看用户的回滚段的信息
select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn = rn.usn
--生成执行计划
explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;
--查看执行计划
select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operation operation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from plan_table
start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by prior id=parent_id and statement_id='a1'
执行计划
1）根据SID，从v$sql中找到相应SQL的HASH_VALUE和ADDRESS ；
SELECT a.sql_text , a.address , a.hash_value
FROM v$sql a , v$session b
where a.hash_value = b.sql_hash_value
and b.sid = &sid ;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:07
2）根据hash_value和address的值，从v$sql_plan中找到真实的执行计划。
set line 200;
col oper format a100;
select lpad(oper,length(oper)+level*2,' ') oper,cost
from (
select object_name||':'||operation||' '||options as oper,cost,id,parent_id
from v$sql_plan
where hash_value = &hash_value
and address = '&address'
)
start with id=0
connect by prior id = parent_id;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:26
这2步，就可以找出实际正在跑的SQL使用的是什么执行计划
set autotrace traceonly statistics
set autotrace traceonly explain
set autotrace traceonly on explain
--查看内存中存的使用
select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback') "Class",
sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "Not Dirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty",
sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total"
from x$bh group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback');
--查看表空间状态
select tablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces;
select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups from user_tables;
--查看系统请求情况
SELECT DECODE (name, 'summed dirty write queue length', value)/
DECODE (name, 'write requests', value) "Write Request Length"
FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( 'summed dirty queue length', 'write requests') and value>0;
--计算data buffer命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42;
SELECT name, (1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 H_RATIO FROM v$buffer_pool_statistics;
--查看内存使用情况
select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_used,
max(b.value)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))-
(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)))*100 avail_pool_pct
from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' and a.name not in ('free memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';
--查看用户使用内存情况
select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem), sum(runtime_mem)
from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;
--查看对象的缓存情况
select OWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT
from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('NOT LOADED','NON-EXISTENT','VIEW','TABLE','SEQUENCE')
and executions>0 and loads>1 and kept='NO' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;
select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;
--查看库缓存命中率
select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100 gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONS from v$librarycache
--查看某些用户的hash
select a.username, count(b.hash_value) total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value)) same_hash,
(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100 u_hash_ratio
from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_id group by a.username;
--查看字典命中率
select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;
--查看undo段的使用情况
SELECT d.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);
--无效的对象
select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status='INVALID';
--求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪
select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);
--求出锁定的对象
select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where lo.object_id=do.object_id;
--求当前session的跟踪文件
SELECT p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid || '.ora' filename
FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2
WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name = 'instance_name'
AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV('SESSIONID') AND p.background is null AND instr(p.program,'CJQ') = 0;
--求对象所在的文件及块号
select segment_name,header_file,header_block
from dba_segments where segment_name like '&1';
--求对象发生事务时回退段及块号
select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
where a.segment_name=b.segment_name and b.segment_id='&1'
--9i的在线重定义表
/*如果在线重定义的表没有主键需要创建主键*/
exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
create table anno2 as select * from announcement
exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
drop table anno2
exec dbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
--常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe)
exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =>'esal',dictionary_location =>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;
死锁问题：1）查找死锁的进程：
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SELECT s.username,l.OBJECT_ID,l.SESSION_ID,s.SERIAL#,l.ORACLE_USERNAME,
l.OS_USER_NAME,l.PROCESS FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT l,V$SESSION S WHERE l.SESSION_ID=S.SID;
2）kill掉这个死锁的进程：
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'; （其中sid=l.session_id）
3）如果还不能解决，
select pro.spid from v$session ses,v$process pro where ses.sid=XX and ses.paddr=pro.addr;
其中sid用死锁的sid替换。
exit
--与权限相关的字典
ALL_COL_PRIVS表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者
ALL_COL_RECD表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS表示对象上的
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